Laravel has a lot of developing patterns. It has various kinds of development patterns and design patterns can apply to it. As a side effect, the system seems to develop limited beyond MVC.
Laravel current challenges
In Laravel, the MVC pattern is fully supported. Then most of the works are being ended in Web and Controllers. The model can be added more functionality to support the system but there are also some limitations when you reach beyond. Example includes duplicate codebase and Multi API Access.
Services
In Laravel, Services are not in the same format as other popular frameworks. Then you have to create your own pattern for further development. This is the beauty happens. In service folder, you can create the service to handle everything your system will work on.
In solid principle and other principles, the controller must be working as the presentation layer. According to Single Responsibility, The classes has limited ability to handle multiple works to abide Single Responsibility. Services in Laravel are the collections of action classes.
Actions
In service section, the classes are accessed via the controller class. That means it is just an another combined class that is just nested under the controller. Solid principle must not be violated. Then, the action classes come in hand.
The action classes will handle the instructions that belongs to the specific task of the application. It will not handle multiple features or any multiple tasks. It will works as a single responsibility class. These classes will be accessed via dependency injection via service class.
There is a question raised.
Why service classes if Controllers exists?
The action classes are just for single responsibility. On the other hand, the controllers are responsible for presentation in MVC. Then, the services classes play the main role for orchestrating one or more action classes to suit the business needs.
Conclusion
The beauty of Laravel is you have your freedom to develop any kind of app you like. That makes the ecosystem amazing support for multiple kinds of businesses but this may raise side effects. Some of the development headaches can be solved using Laravel services and actions.